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Atomic models allow chemists to explain, describe, and predict scientific results. [1] A model is a representation of a set of observations and may be physical or visual.
History
The historical development of atomic models is useful in understanding the structure of the atom.
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Fundamental Particles
Atoms are made up of three types of particles. Which are electrons, neutrons, and protons. Atoms have a proton which are positively charged, and a nucleus which is neutral. A proton and neutron balance each out. Electrons, which have nothing to do with the proton and neutron, are located on the outside the atom. They are negatively charged particles that occupy the space around the nucleus of the atom.An atom is the smallest building block of matter. Protons are positively charged particles in an atomic nucleus. A neutron is a particle in an atomic nucleus with a mass approximately equal to that of the proton but has no charge. The number of electrons equals the number of neutrons.
Elements are made of tiny particles called atoms (the fundamental unit of which elements are composed.) A given compound always contains elements in exactly the same proportion by mass. Nuclear atom is an atom with a dense center of positive charge around which tiny electrons moved in a space that was otherwise empty. John Dalton was an english scientist and is very famous for his atomic theory. Dalton's atomic theory was introduced in 1808.Dalton's theory was that all matter is made of atoms. atoms are indivisible and indistructable. All atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties. compounds are formed by a combination of two or more different kinds of atoms.Dalton proposed an atomic theory with spherical solid atoms based upon measurable properties of mass.
Isotopes are atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers. they have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
A chemical reaction is a rearrangement of atoms.
- Dalton's Atomic Model
- Thomson's Plum pudding
- Saturnian by Hantaro_Nagaoka
- Rutherford
- Niels Bohr
- Wave Mechanical
- Standard Model
Video Tutorial
The Atom Song provides a great way for students to learn about some of the atomic models.
Further Reading
References
Protons and Neutrons balance each other out: [1]
Law of constant composition: [2] [3]
The Atoms: [4]
Negatively charged electrons: [5]
The Plum Pudding Model: [6]
Neutrons: [7]
Atoms are indivisible: [8]
The Atomic Theory: [9]
Structure of the Atom: [10]
Rutherford: [11]
J.J Thomson: [12]
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